Smartphone Use Before Bedtime and Its Association with Sleep Quality

Abstract

Smartphone use before bedtime has become increasingly common and may influence sleep quality among adults and young people. This study examines the association between pre-sleep smartphone use and selected sleep-related outcomes. Smartphone behavior is assessed through duration of use, frequency of nighttime checking, type of activity, screen exposure, and use immediately before sleep. Sleep quality is evaluated using sleep duration, sleep onset, nighttime awakenings, daytime sleepiness, and overall sleep satisfaction. The findings suggest that longer and more frequent smartphone use before bedtime is associated with delayed sleep onset, shorter sleep duration, and poorer perceived sleep quality. Social media use, messaging, entertainment, and repeated notifications may further contribute to sleep disruption. The study highlights the importance of limiting smartphone use before bedtime, reducing unnecessary nighttime notifications, and maintaining consistent sleep routines to improve sleep quality and support better physical and psychological well-being.